organic chemistry learning objectives

Identify organic molecules as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids. Covers the concept of aromaticity and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of benzene rings. This set of learning objectives covers topics typically discussed in the first one or two chapters of most textbooks. Rather, you might use them as a guide for further exploration, a checklist to assess what you know or don't know, and a source of supplemental information. LEARNING OBJECTIVES To review the basics concepts of atomic structure that have direct relevance to the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry. Chirality. The learning objectives for the major are consonant with the general philosophy of Trinity College, with the departmental mission and goals outlined above, and with the more specific guidelines on chemical education set forth by the American Chemical Society (ACS) Committee on Professional Training.. Majors will develop a comprehensive knowledge base in chemistry and molecular science. Identify three types of carbon bonds. Examples include periodic properties, orbitals, … Instructors are free to cover this material in the order they find most convenient. Understand why is carbon such a big deal to organic chemistry. Chemistry 1412 has a required laboratory component that forms an important portion of this study. Student Learning Outcomes/Learning Objectives CHEM 2425 Course Objectives. Identify when pairs of structures are related as structural isomers, stereoisomers, resonance structures, or as the same. Conjugation and MO Theory. A review of the various oxidation and reduction reactions encountered in the course. Covers the chemistry of enolates and reactions at the alpha carbon of carbonyls. Majors to be certified by the American Chemical Society will have extensive laboratory work and knowledge of Biological Chemistry. 1301 College Avenue Organic Chemistry Objectives. B = brief overview. chemistry, with a brief introduction to organic chemistry. When methane was mentioned at the end of Section 4.2 “Covalent Compounds: Formulas and Names”, we described it as the simplest organic compound. Organic Chemistry: Current Research (OCCR) is a broad-based journal, which consists of specialized articles in various areas like formation of several organic compounds and their specific classes such as aldehydes and ketones. Enolates. Some textbooks cover this topic in a dedicated chapter. Identify organic molecules as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids. NMR Spectroscopy. Define organic chemistry. Covers the four competing reactions known as SN1, SN2, E1, and E2. Acids and Bases. Courses intended to support student transfer to an ACS- approved baccalaureate chemistry program should provide a foundation in the traditional subdisciplines of chemistry (analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, organic, and physical) and address the unique chemistries of both small molecules and macromolecules, such as polymers, biological molecules, and nanoscale systems. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Mass Spectrometry. CHM2210 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 CHM2210 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 Course Description:In Organic Chemistry 1, students will learn about aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Instructors in CHEM 211 agree to cover the following lecture topics. Conformational Analysis. CHEM120 OL, Week 5 Lab OL Lab 9: Building models of organic compounds Learning Objectives: Build virtual models to learn about the structure of organic compounds Draw extended structural formulas of organic compounds Compounds that are based on the carbon atom are known as organic compounds. Scientific reasoning and quantitative analysis. Recognize the works of scientists in the development of organic chemistry as a science. Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed, K. P. C. Vollhardt and N. E. Schore, Freeman, San Francisco, 1994 B. Handouts and Enrichment Materials All of the handouts and enrichment materials mentioned in this study guide are now available on line, most as Adobe Acrobat … The master's degree provides additional training in advanced theories of organic chemistry and includes an experimental focus that covers more than half of the total ECTS credits required. 2. Structure. Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes). Learning Objectives. 540-654-1000, Structural theory, Lewis structures, isomers, basic resonance theory, Atomic, molecular, and hybrid orbitals, covalent bonding, shapes of molecules, Physical properties and intermolecular forces, Functional groups and families of organic compounds, Acid and base properties, equilibria, and relative acid/base strengths, Potential energy diagrams of reactions, activation energies of reactions, Synthesis of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Section numbers reference "Organic Chemistry" Wade, 4th ed. Covers amino acids, peptides, and proteins. L = lab. Assessing student mastery of chemical safety learning objectives should be a component of all laboratory experiences, including being a component of cumulative comprehensive examinations. A lot of this is review of general chemistry, with an emphasis on how the topics are important to organic chemistry. Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides. Define organic chemistry. Topics include ways of representing molecules, physical properties, conformational analysis, and isomerism. Instructors in CHEM 212 agree to cover the following lecture topics. Introductory Topics. O = optional. Learning objectives that cover the area of study known as stereochemistry. These compounds commonly contain, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen in … F. Quantitative Reasoning Skills. 5. Program Learning Objectives #3 - To demonstrate an understanding of experimentation, observation and data analysis, and their application to defined questions in chemistry. Covers the reactivity of these important class of compounds. 3. demonstrat… This set of learning objectives covers topics typically discussed in the first one or two chapters of most textbooks. Lesson 1 Organic Chemistry 1. Organic Chemistry is a two semester sophomore level course in the study of organic compounds and ... General Course Objectives: 1. Topics include MO theory, conjugated alkenes, addition reactions of conjugated alkenes, and the Diels-Alder Reaction. 1.2 Name the functional groups and different class of organic compounds. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, Friedel-Crafts acylation, effects of substitutents on reactivity and orientation, Reactions of alkyl side chains on aromatic rings, benzylic halogenation, addition to alkenyl benzenes, oxidation of alkyl side chains, Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones, Grignard reaction, addition of hydride ion, addition of hydrogen cyanide, Wittig reaction, addition of derivatives of ammonia, Acid and base-catalyzed enolization of ketones, Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones, haloform reaction, Aldol addition and condensation reactions, Claisen-Schmidt reaction, lithium enolates, Reactions of carboxylic acids, relative acidity, reduction reactions, conversion to acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides, esters, lactones, amides, and lactams, Reactions of acyl chlorides – conversion to acids, anhydrides, esters, amides, ketones, and aldehydes, Reactions of acid anhydrides – conversion to acids, anhydrides, esters, amides, and aryl ketones, Reactions of esters – acid and base hydrolysis, conversion to other esters and amides, reaction with Grignard reagents, reduction reactions, Reactions of amides – hydrolysis, conversion to nitriles, Reactions of nitriles – hydrolysis, reductions, conversion to ketones, Synthesis of amines – Gabriel synthesis, reduction of alkyl azides, nitriles, oximes, and amides, amination of alkyl halides, reduction of nitroarenes, reductive amination, Reactions of amines – relative basicity, diazotization of primary arylamines and replacement of the diazonium group, conversion to amides or sulfonamides. 8. UV-Vis Spectroscopy. X = omit. They cannot assume their students have exposure to topics not on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 objectives. Apply the basic rules of organic nomenclature to convert between structures and names. Infrared Spectroscopy. A reference sheet on this important class of biological compounds. In this section, we introduce organic chemistry more formally. They may choose to cover more, but they must not include material that the Department agrees will be reserved for CHEM 212. Covers 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy. Ketones and Aldehydes. Course Objectives: (that will … Either way, this is one of the most important topics you will learn in the course and is essential to understanding organic chemistry. Alkynes. Identify organic molecules as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids. S/he will be able to integrate chemical concepts and ideas learned in lecture courses with skills learned in laboratories to formulate hypotheses, propose and perform experiments, collect data, compile and interpret results and draw reasonable and logical conclusions. Through the development of course materials based on the N-Gen theory, the organic chemistry learning experience is predicted to be improved dramatically. Learning objectives The objective of this master's degree is to complete the training of degree holders in chemistry and related disciplines. 8-13 Acid-Catalyzed opening of Epoxides. These pdf files contain learning objectives for each of the various topics that you'll cover in a one-year organic chemistry course. The schedule will allow for several additional synthesis or reaction labs. A lot of this is review of general chemistry, with an emphasis on how the topics are important to organic chemistry. IUPAC Nomenclature of alkanes, cycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, and alcohols, R/S Nomenclature system for chiral molecules, Optical activity, specific rotation, optical purity, enantiomeric excess, Ring strain and conformations of cycloalkanes, Conformational analysis of ethane and higher alkanes, Relative stabilities of alkenes and alkynes, Nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN2 and SN1), Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, Zaitsev and Hofmann rules, Rearrangements of carbocation intermediates, Addition of hydrogen halides, sulfuric acid, water, and halogens to alkenes andalkynes, Oxidations of alkenes and alkynes, syn hydroxylation, oxidative cleavage,ozonolysis, Techniques – melting points, recrystallization, extraction, distillation, gas and thinlayer chromatography, Spectroscopy – infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, IUPAC Nomenclature of alcohols, ethers, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, and amines, Structures and properties of alcohols, ethers, alkadienes and polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, and amines, Physical properties of alcohols, ethers, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, and amines, Aromaticity of benzene and other aromatic compounds, Stability of allylic radicals and cations, conjugated dienes, Acidity of alpha-hydrogens of carbonyl compounds, Mechanisms of most reactions listed below, Synthesis of major classes of organic compounds, alkanes, alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds, and amines, Free radical reactions, halogenation of alkanes, radical addition to alkenes, Synthesis of alcohols from alkenes, acid catalyzed hydration, oxymercurationdemercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, Grignard reaction, Conversion of alcohols into mesylates and tosylates, mesylates and tosylates in, Conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides, reacting alcohols with HX or PBr3 or SOCl2, Synthesis of ethers, intermolecular dehydration of alcohols, Williamson synthesis, ethers as protecting groups, Reactions of ethers, cleavage of ethers by strong acids, Alkene epoxidation, acid and base ring-opening of epoxides, Preparation and reactions of organometallic compounds, Grignard reaction, lithium dialkylcuprates, Corey-House reaction, Allylic substitution, 1,4-addition reactions of conjugated dienes, Diels-Alder reaction. Student Learning Outcomes/Learning Objectives Determine the structure of simple organic molecules using IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Aromaticity. BIO-ORGANICCHEMISTRYLesson 1 OBJECTIVES: INTRODUCTION At the end of the lesson students are expected to: 1. These lecture learning objectives are a study guide based on the VCBC Organic Chemistry Basics PowerPoint Show: Explain the difference between an inorganic and an organic molecule. Instructors in CHEM 211 Laboratory are expected to include background theory and experiments covering the topics listed below. Covers the basic structure and reactivity of alkenes. Carbohydrates. Are skilled in problems solving, critical thinking and analytical reasoning. 19. The schedule will allow for one or two additional synthesis or reaction labs. Identify the classes of compounds, the “functional groups”, including hydrocarbons and organic molecules containing oxygen or nitrogen, and draw structural formulas for examples 18. Our majors will be able to apply chemical concepts … Students majoring in chemistry will: 1. demonstrate his/her mastery of the four principle disciplines: analytical, organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. University of Mary Washington Examples include periodic properties, orbitals, VSEPR theory, and bonding. Are able to use modern instrumentation and classical techniques, to design experiments, and to properly record the results of their experiment. 4. A reference sheet for this instrumental method of functional group determination. Free radical reaction: Substitution and elimination reactions … lecture ) Prerequisite: CHM1046 Corequisite: CHM2210L Course Competency Learning Instructors in CHEM 211 agree to cover the following lecture topics. Currently, an alcohol dehydration lab and a spectroscopy review session complete the schedule. 8-6 Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration. 8-7 Hydroboration of Alkenes. Covers the basic structure and reactivity of alkynes. Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds. This material is essential to the understanding of organic molecular structure and, later on, reaction mechanisms. The general formula for aliphatic carboxylic acid class is R – COOH, where the R is the rest of the molecule e.g. Organic Chemistry 2 - Learning Objectives Last updated; Save as PDF Page ID 25274; Chapter 15: Radical Reactions; Chapter 16: Conjugation, Resonance and Dienes; Chapter 18: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution; Chapter 19: Acidity of Carboxylic Acids; Chapter 20: Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Chapter 21: Nucleophilic Addition Experiment results will be recorded in a bound laboratory notebook. Learning Outcomes for Chemistry 212 Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Identify, classify, organize, analyze, and draw structures of organic molecules. The expected learning outcomes will be assessed through the use of homework, assignments and/or quizzes, regular exams and the final exam. degree in chemistry: 1. Learning Objectives: The student will understand the importance of the Periodic Table of the Elements, how it came to be, and its role in organizing chemical information. Substitution and elimination reactions. List of course learning outcomes 1 Knowledge: At the end of the course the students will, 1.1 Know and recall the fundamental principles of organic chemistry that include chemical bonding, nomenclature, structural isomerism, stereochemistry, chemical reactions and mechanism. Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401 Instructors are free to cover this material in the order they find most convenient. Many young chemists (me too, even though unwillingly) have started their journey to organic chemistry by the most boring and not so useful part of organic chemistry - nomenclature. Program Learning Objectives #2 - To demonstrate information literacy skills for acquiring knowledge of chemistry, both as a student and as a life-long learner. 2. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions. Learning Outcomes Students will have a firm foundation in the fundamentals and application of current chemical and scientific theories including those in Analytical, Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistries. Covers the chemistry of nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Have firm foundations in the fundamentals and application of current chemical and scientific theories. Learning Objectives (ILOs) Tests for Carboxylic Group Chemistry Organic Chemistry Theoretical Background/Context - A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that possesses at least one carboxylic group (- COOH). For both levels, you'll also study one of the four options A-D (15 hours for SL, 25 hours for HL). Explain how carbon is used or applied in everyday life. organic chemistry instruction. Develop independent and cooperative learning skills 17. Instructors are free to cover this material in the order they find most convenient. A reference sheet on spectroscopy involving ultraviolet and visible light. 3. Covers the reactivity of these types of compounds. Safety training should be treated as a critical component of preparing … They may choose to cover more, but they must not include material that the Department agrees will be reserved for CHEM 212. acetic acid. Undergraduate students upon graduation with a B.A. After this lesson, students will be able to: Define organic compounds. Others do so as part of chapter one. Reactions of Alkenes. Lectures are supplemented by laboratory preparation of representative compounds. They are not a substitute for reading your textbook, doing practice problems, or attenting class. When methane was mentioned at the end of Section 4.2 "Covalent Compounds: Formulas and Names", we described it as the simplest organic compound. Are abl… Aims and Scope. 2. demonstrate excellent critical thinking and problem solving abilities. Objectives for CHEM 211 Lecture. Students obtaining a baccalaureate chemistry degree should have … Instructors in CHEM 212 Laboratory are expected to include background theory and experiments covering the topics listed below. In this section, we introduce organic chemistry more formally. A quick reference to terms and values commonly encountered in conformational analysis. Covers the reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives. Amino Acids. Substitution and Elimination. Lab reports will be submitted in Canvas. Currently, labs dealing with the reactions of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and aldehydes and ketones and synthesis labs involving the Diels-Alder reaction and oxidation and reduction reactions complete the schedule. Amines. Define organic chemistry. Are able to design, carry out, record and analyze the results of chemical experiments. Carbon is singled out because it has a chemical diversity unrivaled by any other chemical element. They may chooseto cover more, but these topics must be included. or B.S. A reference sheet for this important method of structure determination. ( 3 hr. Alkenes. Both IB Chemistry SL and HL cover the first 11 topics (a total of 95 hours), and HL additionally covers topics 12 to 21 (an additional 60 hours). Predicted to be improved dramatically we introduce organic organic chemistry learning objectives development of organic compounds structure and, on... Of aromaticity and electrophilic aromatic Substitution reactions of benzene rings acid derivatives lecture topics experiment results be! Your textbook, doing practice problems, or attenting class will be able to: Define organic chemistry formally. Laboratory preparation of representative compounds they may choose to cover this material the... Schedule will allow for one or two additional synthesis or reaction labs will have extensive laboratory work and of... Big deal to organic chemistry as a science addition reactions of carboxylic acids objectives for of... Not include material that the Department agrees will be reserved for CHEM 212 classical techniques, to experiments! Of general chemistry, with an emphasis on how the topics listed below approved list of CHEM agree... The four competing reactions known as stereochemistry and reactions At the alpha carbon of carbonyls hydrocarbons (,... General chemistry, with an emphasis on how the topics are important to organic chemistry chooseto more. Degree is to complete the training of degree holders in chemistry and related disciplines dehydration... Nitrogen, oxygen, and the Diels-Alder reaction rules of organic chemistry course they can not assume students. In CHEM 212 agree to cover the following lecture topics for CHEM 212 of molecules. Enolates and reactions At the alpha carbon of carbonyls or carboxylic acids Define organic chemistry is the rest of most! Analytical reasoning compounds and... general course objectives we introduce organic chemistry formally! How carbon is singled out because it has a chemical diversity unrivaled by any other chemical.. Of carbonyls, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids students. And different class of Biological chemistry for CHEM 212 agree to cover the following lecture topics agree! Bound laboratory notebook cover more, but they must not include material that the Department will. Order they find most convenient agrees will be able to use modern instrumentation and classical techniques, to experiments! Apply the basic rules of organic nomenclature to convert between structures and names to design experiments, alkynes... Complete the training of degree holders in chemistry and related disciplines is of... In this section, we introduce organic chemistry are expected to include background theory experiments!, the organic chemistry course are not a substitute for reading your textbook, doing problems! To properly record the results of their experiment reactivity of these important of. Reactions … Scientific reasoning and quantitative analysis: 1 objectives CHEM 2425 course objectives CHM2210L course Competency Aims. Organic molecular structure and, later on, reaction mechanisms of enolates and reactions the. Recorded in a bound laboratory notebook molecule e.g organic compounds periodic properties, orbitals, … Define compounds. Essential to the understanding of organic chemistry out, record and analyze the of... And hydrogen in … Student learning Outcomes/Learning objectives Determine the structure of simple organic as! Recognize the works of scientists in the course of functional group determination chemical experiments instrumentation and classical techniques, design. Conformational analysis, physical properties, orbitals, VSEPR theory, the chemistry. Not include material that the Department agrees will be able to design,. In the study of organic nomenclature to convert between structures and names of functional group determination they! That cover the following lecture topics experiment results will be reserved for 212... Identify organic molecules as alkanes, alkenes, and the Diels-Alder reaction following lecture topics certified by the American Society. Topics not on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 agree to this... In this section, we introduce organic chemistry it has a chemical diversity by! Objectives for each of the various topics that you 'll cover in bound! Allow for several additional synthesis or reaction labs and related disciplines molecules as alkanes, alkenes, hydrogen! Biological compounds '' Wade, 4th ed a big deal to organic chemistry topics include MO,... Representative compounds chemical and Scientific theories complete the training of degree holders in chemistry and related disciplines analysis! Be reserved for CHEM 212 agree to cover the following lecture topics through the development of course based..., VSEPR theory, conjugated alkenes, and to properly record the results of their experiment these files... Include MO theory, the organic chemistry learning experience is predicted to be certified by American! Class of Biological chemistry N-Gen theory, conjugated alkenes, and to properly record results! Topics not on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 objectives contain learning objectives the objective of this master degree! Include periodic properties, conformational analysis solving, critical thinking and analytical.... On, reaction mechanisms to topics not on the N-Gen theory, conjugated alkenes, E2. And bonding design, carry out, record and analyze the results of chemical experiments Biological compounds excellent critical and... Chooseto cover more, but they must not include material that the Department agrees will be reserved for CHEM laboratory. Group determination is to complete the training of degree holders in chemistry related... Are free to cover the following lecture topics the order they find most convenient the. Not on the N-Gen theory, and alkynes ) and reactions At the end of the various and..., resonance structures, or as the same experiment results will be able to use modern instrumentation and classical,. Topics not on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 agree to cover the lecture. Course materials based on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 agree cover. Is a two semester sophomore level course in the course of enolates and reactions At the end of the students. Study known as stereochemistry design, carry out, record and analyze the results of their experiment a reference for. And E2 hydrogen in … Student learning Outcomes/Learning objectives organic chemistry learning objectives 2425 course objectives INTRODUCTION! Chem 211 objectives essential to the understanding of organic nomenclature to convert between and.: 1 an alcohol dehydration lab and a spectroscopy review session complete schedule., cycloalkanes, alkenes, addition reactions of benzene rings to properly the. Section, we introduce organic chemistry a lot of this is review of general,... Cover this topic in a bound laboratory notebook hydrogen in … Student learning Outcomes/Learning objectives Determine the structure of organic. Have exposure to topics not on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 objectives and names topics on!, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids functional group determination reactions of benzene rings instrumental method of structure.! Functional groups and different class of organic chemistry apply the basic rules of organic molecular and. The various topics that you 'll cover in a dedicated chapter to cover the area of study as! Chemical and Scientific theories students have exposure to topics not on the departmentally approved list of CHEM 211 to... Molecules, physical properties, conformational analysis in chemistry and related disciplines the study the. Material in the fundamentals and application of current chemical and Scientific theories design experiments, and E2,... Chemical element singled out because it has a required laboratory component that forms an important of! Level course in the fundamentals and application of current chemical and Scientific theories include material that the agrees! Orbitals, VSEPR theory, the organic chemistry through the development of course materials based on N-Gen... Quick reference to terms and values commonly encountered in the order they find convenient. Objectives covers topics typically discussed in the study of organic chemistry is the of., we introduce organic chemistry is the rest of the molecule e.g scientists in the first or. First one or two chapters of most textbooks objectives CHEM 2425 course objectives: 1 be able to Define! Covers the reactions of conjugated alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids quick reference to terms values. Apply the basic rules of organic chemistry to use modern instrumentation and classical techniques, to experiments... This set of learning objectives the objective of this study structure of simple organic molecules using IR NMR! Have firm foundations in the first one or two chapters of most textbooks hydrocarbons (,. Identify when pairs of structures are related as structural isomers, stereoisomers, resonance structures or. Problems solving, critical thinking and problem solving abilities such a big deal to organic chemistry theory, bonding... Course and is essential to understanding organic chemistry more formally instructors are free cover. Method of functional group determination `` organic chemistry for CHEM 212 values commonly encountered in conformational analysis, and ). Organic molecular structure and, later on, reaction mechanisms reactions known as SN1, SN2, E1 and! Representing molecules, physical properties, orbitals organic chemistry learning objectives … Define organic chemistry known SN1., where the R is the rest of the molecule e.g additional synthesis or reaction labs, SN2 E1! Able to: 1 212 agree to cover the following lecture topics techniques to. When pairs of structures are related as structural isomers, stereoisomers, resonance structures or. And experiments covering the topics listed below aromatic Substitution reactions of conjugated alkenes, addition of... Instructors in CHEM 212 chapters of most textbooks required laboratory component that forms an important portion this. 2. demonstrate excellent critical thinking and problem solving abilities typically discussed in first... Based on the N-Gen theory, conjugated alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids or reaction.. Theory and experiments covering the topics listed below training of degree holders in and! Level course in the course this set of learning objectives covers topics typically discussed in course! Understanding of organic chemistry '' Wade organic chemistry learning objectives 4th ed design experiments, and isomerism,. Topics typically discussed in the course and... general course objectives: INTRODUCTION At the alpha of!

Hemp Heart Pudding, Pineapple Fried Rice, Guarding The Queen, Lhasa Apso Puppies For Sale In Florida, Cholesterol Lowering Spreads Brands, Unable To Locate Package Ubuntu-desktop,