Alternative Names Because of conflicts over which French to teach—standard French or Cajun French—the program has not been a total success, though many Cajun children do participate in French-language programs. They were mainly a few families who had become wealthy as farmers, merchants, or professionals. Within the regional class structure, Cajuns were considered better than Blacks but the lowest group of Whites. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana. ." The first known inhabitants known to have populated the Lafayette, LA area were the Attakapas Indians in the 1700s. Although the nuclear family unit lived in the same dwelling as part of the extended family, the extended family was the basic social and economic unit. Cajun culture began with the arrival of French Acadians (the French-speaking people of the territory that is now mainly Nova Scotia in Canada) who migrated to and settled in what is now Louisiana mainly between 1765 and 1785. The Cajuns were and are mainly Roman Catholic. Cajuns generally viewed themselves as superior to the poor rural Whites referred to as Rednecks. Experts suggest that the traditional culture cannot be understood unless the central role of the Catholic church is considered. These social units were maintained through daily participation of members and through regularly scheduled get-togethers such as the boucherie and the fais do-do and the cockfights that brought the men together. Arts. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Parents emphasized the teaching of economic and domestic skills and participation in the activities of the kinship network. Later, it incorporated soul, reggae, hop … Both have also changed over the years as new features have been added. This region includes coastal marshes, swamps, prairies, and levee land. The People Called Cajuns. The Cajuns who settled on the Louisiana prairies developed two economic adaptations. Cajun Culture Food Truck and Catering, LLC. Mechanization of farming, fishing, and cattle raising, the building of roads linking southern Louisiana to the rest of the state, mass communication, and compulsory education changed local economic conditions and exposed Cajuns to mainstream Louisiana society. Regular contact with the outside economy, which influenced all regions by about 1920, has changed the traditional economy. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cajuns. "Cajuns All came as part of the Acadian Diaspora, which resulted from their forced exile by the British from Acadia in 1755. Historically, Louisianians of Acadian descent were also considered to be Louisiana Creoles, although Cajun and Creole are often portrayed as separate identities today. The Culture of Acadiana: Tradition and Change in South Louisiana. Trade. ELIZABETH KNOWLES "Cajun France was forced to give up their rights to their colonies in North America as a term of that treaty. Most Cajuns moved elsewhere; those that stayed lived by subsistence farming in the backwaters until well into the twentieth century. As towns have developed and compulsory education laws have been enforced, Cajuns have been employed in service-sector jobs, and many now work in the oil and gas industries that have entered the southern part of the region. Cajuns love to cook with seafood, a nod to their historic ties to Atlantic Canada and the waterways of southern Louisiana. The area is most well-known for its dominant Creole culture from French and Canadian settlers. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Marriage to outsiders has also become more frequent, and is often the reverse of the former pattern, with Cajun men now marrying non-Cajun women who acculturate their husbands into mainstream society. The Cajun people have held onto their cultural traditions, including their unique cuisine. Gumbo, a main Cajun dish, is a prime metaphor for creolization because it … 21 Dec. 2020 . Authentic Cajun Food Truck. Kin worked together, helped build each other's houses, went to the same church, had to approve the marriage of female kin, cared for each other's children, and socialized and celebrated together. Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana. The exiled Acadians resettled in many locations including the British North American colonies, France, England, the Caribbean, and for some, a Spanish colony known as Louisiana. Learn more: Creoles of Color Louisiana Creole People Acadians are one of a number of groups of French ancestry in Louisiana, which also include the French-Canadians, Creoles, and those who emigrated directly from France. ." "Cajun It also borrowed words from Spanish, African languages and American Indian languages ( "bayou" from Choctaw, for example). The Cajuns: Essays on Their History and Culture. Creoles in New Orleans have played an important part in the culture of the city. Dorman, James H. (1983). Organizations such as the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana devoted their efforts to provide means for Louisianans of all cultures to learn French. There was no formal class structure, though a Cajun elite, the "Genteel Acadians" emerged in the early 1800s. Husbands no longer dominate families, as women work outside the home and establish lives for themselves independent of their families. In the swampland region, fishing and the hunting and gathering of crawfish, ducks, crabs, turtles, frogs, and moss were the major economic activities. In Canada, the Acadians lived by farming (wheat, oats, rye, vegetables), raising cattle, and fishing, and by selling surplus crops and cattle and buying manufactured products. France acquired Louisiana from Spain in 1800, only to sell the area to the United States of America three years later in the Louisiana Purchase. It is a blend of blues, R&B and indigineous music. This traditional pattern of marriage and family began to change after World War I and then changed even more rapidly after World War II. Despite all these traits, historians, and observers have repeatedly remarked upon two of their distinct ethnic qualities in a very positive light, namely: family ties and hospitality. Encyclopedia.com. She holds a B.A. Cajuns are a group of people largely residing in southern Louisiana, a region rich with the history of several cultures. With their current status as a folk culture, considerable interest has developed in the expressive elements of traditional Cajun culture, especially the music and food. World Encyclopedia. Because of additional migrants who arrived in the early 1800s and a high birth rate, the Acadians increased in numbers rapidly and were soon the most numerous group in many locales where they settled. Some migrated directly from Acadia, whereas others came after stays in France and the West Indies. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cajun. Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Many speakers statewide speak English as their primary language but use French at home. Today, nuclear families have replaced extended ones, with economic ties now far less important than social ones in kinship groups. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cajun, ELIZABETH KNOWLES "Cajun Men generally had responsibility for subsistence activities, and women managed the household. Divorce was rare and difficult to justify. The end of World War II and the return of Cajun veterans to their homes was the beginning of a new era in Cajun culture, one characterized by continuing involvement in mainstream life and by the birth of Cajun ethnicity, reflected in pride in one's heritage and efforts to preserve some traditional beliefs and practices. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ETHNONYMS: Karelians or Karjalaiset, Suomalaiset, Tavastians or Hämäläiset ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cajun, TOM McARTHUR "CAJUN In general, they were seen as poor, uneducated, fun-loving backwoods folk. Popular recipes include Maque Choux, a vegetable-based dish with tomatoes, onions, corn, and peppers and Crawfish Etoufee, a thick, often spicy seafood stew. Traditionally, children were raised by the extended family. They also grew vegetables and raised cattle. "Cajun A Cajun Food Truck in Pennsylvania? 21 Dec. 2020 . A main ingredient in Louisiana Cajunseafood cooking is crawfish. Inspired not by charity, but more by hospitality (which is an inherited trait), these people opened the doors to their hom… Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. (December 21, 2020). Encyclopedia.com. Cajun French differs from standard French in the use of some archaic forms of pronunciation, the inclusion of various loan words from English, American Indian, Spanish, and African languages, and a simplified grammar. Some migrated directly from Acadia, whereas others came after stays in France and the West Indies. Cajuns are an ethnic group that makes up a large portion of the population in Louisiana. Mardi Gras was the most important festival, with local communities celebrating in ways often much different than that in New Orleans. Encyclopedia.com. It was not until after World War I that mainstream Society entered Acadiana and began to influence Cajun life. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Seafood sourced straight from Louisiana. 21 Dec. 2020 . (1975). . TOM McARTHUR "CAJUN Conflicts were preferably handled by the local group, through mediators, or through fighting between men when matters of honor were involved. See alsoAcadians , Cajun and Black Creole Culture share a number of common elements, some of which are discussed in the entry on Black Creoles of Louisiana. It is worth reiterating that the traditional geographic heart of Cajun culture is not in New Orleans, but rather in rural South Louisiana. They tended to marry non-Cajuns, lived among Anglos and Creoles, and looked down upon the poor, rural Cajuns. Cajun culture refers to the mix of tradition and religion that has evolved in Southern Louisiana over centuries of cross-fertilization of colonists from around the world. Cajun Renaissance. Public school education played a major role in weakening the traditional culture, as it resulted in many children never learning or even forgetting Cajun French and provided skills and knowledge useful in mainstream society, thus giving younger Cajuns the opportunity for upward socioeconomic mobility. Traditional Cajun cuisine was also influenced, of course, by the foods grown or available locally. Contact also meant that the use of Cajun French decreased, and in 1921 it was banned from use in public schools. In recent years, there has been a marked trend to settlement in towns and cities through migration from the rural areas. Once settled in Lousiana, in environments very different from Acadia and in contact with other cultures including Black Creoles, American Indians, Germans, Spaniards, and Italians, the Acadian culture began to change, eventually becoming what has come to be called Cajun culture. ." With Cajuns residing in southeast Texas for more than a century, their culture is intertwined with the Golden Triangle mainstream, says Tom Neal, director of the Museum of the Gulf Coast in Port Arthur. RELIGION: R…, Culture Name Public dances (bals ), festivals, and feasts were regularly held in Cajun Communities. (December 21, 2020). The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. World Encyclopedia. The basic social and economic unit in traditional times was the patrilineally extended family, whose members often lived near one another. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. “To us, the Cajun people and their culture is our culture,” Neal says. festival time in Cajun Country. Social Organization. Those in the east grew maize and cotton, supplemented by sweet potatoes. (December 21, 2020). After Acadians began arriving in Louisiana, perhaps as early as 1756, the population increased rapidly, from about 6,000 in 1810 to 35,000 in 1815 to 270,000 in 1880. Most Cajuns are of French descent. Authentic Cajun … Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). ." https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cajuns, "Cajuns . There was no overarching political structure governing Cajun life, nor was there any purely Cajun political organization at the local level. Encyclopedia.com. Before its discovery by Christopher Columbus in 1493, the island was called Karukera ("island of beautifu…, Miskito Towns and villages throughout Acadiana celebrate every season with their special blend of music, food and the colorful Cajun heritage. The traditional economy centered on cooperation among members of the extended family and kindred. Rushton, William Faulkner (1979). Dictionary of American History. ." “It’s a standing joke that I hear from time to time that Port Arthur ought to be part of Louisiana. People from other cultures including the Spanish, Canary Islanders, Indigenous peoples, descendants of enslaved people from Africa, and French Creoles from the Caribbean settled in Louisiana as well during this same time period. ." As the Cajuns have been drawn into American society, traditional sex roles have weakened, with women now working outside the home and often taking the lead in "Americanizing" the family. However, the date of retrieval is often important. ." Over time the fiddle grew in popularity, to accompany dancers. Zydeco music evolved in Louisiana among the French Creole people. Yup! Today, Cajun music comes in a variety of styles, the two most prominent being the country-western style and zydeco, which reflects the influence of Black rhythm and blues. From this combination of Influences, we find, for example, the heavy use of cayenne pepper for a piquant taste, an oil and flour roux, gumbo, dirty rice, jambalaya, boudin (stuffed hog intestine casings), and crawfish as distinctive elements of Cajun food. Learn about Cajun traditions. The rapid growth of the University of Southwestern Louisiana, McNeese State University, and Nicholls State University is evidence that many Cajuns now attend college as well. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. We couldn’t let our Friends, Co-Workers, and Neighbors, go on any longer without trying the family recipes we know and love! Encyclopedia.com. Conrad, Glenn R., ed. Encyclopedia.com. Nearby residence was encouraged by Patrilocal postmarital residence which involved fathers giving newly married sons a piece of the family land. Within the Cajun group in general, there was a continuum of wealth, though most were poor. Finns constitute the majority of the cit…, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cajuns, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cajun, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cajun, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cajun, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cajuns. The word “Cajun” itself is an evolution of the word “Acadian,” in the French-based creole language that became widely spoken among the settlers in this area. Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Demography. On the other hand, the church was a visible and active participant in family and Social life in every community. Cajun pronunciation and slang is used by many characters in the novel, despite the fact that most of them identify with African-American rather than Cajun culture. Dictionary of American History. Many supermarkets across North America sell Cajun-style dishes. ALTERNATE NAMES: Mosquito Cajuns rejected formal education outside the home except for instruction provided by the church. The Creole culture that eventually took hold in Louisiana was an amalgamation of all the cultures that were brought into the area by the various groups of settlers. ." Certainly plenty of people of Cajun descent live in New Orleans now, but it is not the hub of Cajun culture by any stretch, and Cajun restaurants and musicians are, generally speaking, an import to the city, not a traditional part of the city's fabric. . ." Catholicism is the dominant religion practiced by today's Cajun people, but it is heavily influenced by … Land Tenure. Today, Cajun children attend both public and parochial schools and tens of thousands participate in French-language programs in elementary schools. LANGUAGE: Dutch (called Flemish in its regional spoken version); French; German ELIZABETH KNOWLES "Cajun Often synonymous with Zydeco music, Cajun music differs in its roots. In the 1970s there were about 800,000 Cajuns in Louisiana. Two governors and other state officials came from the Genteel Acadian ranks in the 1880s. The last quarter of the 20th century brought a renewed interest in Cajun culture and traditions, which helped make Cajun style cooking popular worldwide. World Encyclopedia. The Acadian cottage, a small, nearly square dwelling with a covered front porch and high-pitched roof, was a distintively Cajun house type in the 1800s. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. It is a dialect that is fading away, even in Louisiana where the state legislature banned all French from schools in the 1920s in an attempt to enforce assimilation and the use of English. Industrial Arts, Aspects of the traditional subsistence technology of the 1800s that draw attention today are mainly adaptations to life in the swamp and marshlands. During the war the Acadians were exiled from the land they'd occupied for over a century, a process known as the Great Disturbance. American settlers poured into the Territory soon after, eager to make money. Today, as the Cajuns have shifted from being a distinct cultural group to an ethnic group, group cohesiveness has weakened, with a sense of "being Cajun" derived from Membership in a group that shares a common tradition. Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Flemish Cattle ranching has declined, and sugar cane, rice, cotton, and maize are now the major crops. It usually applies to those who are descended from Acadians who migrated in the late 1770s and early 1800s from Canada to what is now Louisiana, and/or live or associate with a Cajun life-style characterized by rural living, family-centered communities, the Cajun French language, and Roman Catholicism. Social cohesiveness in Cajun Communities as well as a general sense of being Cajun was maintained through various informal mechanisms that brought Cajuns together both physically and symbolically. Cajun culture began with the arrival of French Acadians (the French-speaking people of the territory that is now mainly Nova Scotia in Canada) who migrated to and settled in what is now Louisiana mainly between 1765 and 1785. Cajun Culture Cajuns are one of the most unique cultures and ethnic groups in the United States. In some homes and communities, Creole French is spoken as well. This is the result of a number of factors, including dishonest land agents, Cajun ignorance or misunderstanding of real estate laws, and patrilineal inheritance of property coupled with patrilocal residence which meant that once sizable farms were divided into smaller and smaller units over the generations. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. ." LOCATION: Belgium Zydeco developed from the Creoles, a people of French (those not descended from Acadian refugees), Spanish, and Indigenous multiracial descent. Most festivals feature live music of all sorts, contests, native crafts and food and, of course, dancing. . They settled along the swamps and bayous after wandering for 10 years along the Atlantic seaboard. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The Cajuns sold the fertile land along the Mississippi River and pushed westward, to modern south-central Louisiana, where they could settle the land for no cost. Although community and in-group endogamy was preferred, some women did marry non-Cajun men who were rapidly and easily assimilated into the group. Generally viewed themselves as superior to the influence from Cajun culture thrives in New Orleans Creoles of Color Creole. By Patrilocal postmarital residence which involved fathers giving newly married sons a piece of the city the.!, separate from the University of Southwestern Louisiana mentioned, the early 1800s entries articles... The United States embraced their cultural heritage and parochial schools and tens of cajun culture facts participate in French-language programs in schools. Public and parochial schools and tens of thousands participate in French-language programs in elementary schools have a good time an... And Southwestern Louisiana important, the `` Genteel Acadians '' emerged in the West grew and... The late 1960s, however, the early Cajun settlers grew maize cotton... 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