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So let’s hope the elephant seals don’t become suffer any severe challenges to their existence. Since that time, elephant seals have continued to multiply exponentially, and they have extended their breeding range as far north as Point Reyes. Northern elephant seals migrate farther than any other mammal. Elephant seals derive their name from their great size and from the male's large proboscis, which is used in making extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the mating competition. Orcas vs. Elephant seals can hold their breath for up to 80 minutes and dive to depths of 5,000ft to search for prey. The northern elephant seal coat is dark gray to brown. The elephant seal (genus Mirounga) is the world's largest seal.There are two species of elephant seals, named according to the hemisphere in which they are found. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! (These are Southern elephant seals, which are bigger.). Considering how these animals breed, I would certainly have wanted to have started with a larger founding population than 100 to 1,000 individuals. Much more agile in their ocean environment, an elephant seal moves on land with considerable effort, by using its front flippers and belly. Posted in Uncategorized, tagged genetic diversity, Northern elephant seal on February 27, 2009| There is a social hierarchy during the mating season, but males are less aggressive with each other when they come to land for molting. By 1910, it is estimated that there were less than 100 elephant seals, all found on Guadalupe Island off Baja California, Mexico. The northern elephant seal is a conservation success story. They typically live along the Pacific coast and are often spotted gathering on … Adult males measure up to 4.5 m long and weigh up to 2,300 kg, adult females measure up to 3.6 m long and weigh up to 750kg. Because they lack genetic variation, it is possible that an epidemic or even a slight environmental change could prove disastrous for the seals. These seals range in … Inbreeding and the Northern Elephant Seal, Subscribe to Retrieverman's Weblog by Email, one person unfollowed me // automatically checked by. But for all of our intelligence, we have failed our dogs. Truly defective elephant seals don’t reproduce. With dogs, we can continue to select for defect, intentionally or unintentionally. They get their name from the adult male's large proboscis, which looks like an elephant's trunk. Elephant seals are large seals that live in the ocean, of which there are two species, both of which were hunted almost to extinction by the close of the 19th century. Northern elephant seals range from the North Pacific to Baja California, and from Mexico to the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. If you would like to see how large elephant seal harems are, check this video with Sir David Attenborough. However,  this was a natural breeding situation that was made worse through over-exploitation of the animals. 2000). The seals inhabit gravel or sandy beaches, far away from human activity, as their preferred places for breeding. Southern elephant seals are able to dive to over 4,921 feet (1,500 meters) and remain underwater for as long as two hours. Elephant seals are currently classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. The seals have a thick layer of blubber, which can be boiled down to train just as easily as anything marine mammal. The adult male, “the elephant of the sea,” has a large flexible snout that looks like an elephant… The largest colonies of northern elephant seals are found off southern California in the Channel Islands. After whales became scarce, elephant seals were hunted to the brink of extinction, primarily for their blubber, which was used for lamp oil. They can also reach up to 14 feet in length. The first elephant seals on Año Nuevo Island were sighted in 1955, and the first pup was born there in 1961. This order is no longer considered valid. The biggest on record was nearly 11,000 pounds in weight. Northern elephant seals are found in the North Pacific, from Baja California, Mexico to the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. The whole population may have dropped to as low as  50-100 individuals. The seal returns to warmer waters to molt, then migrates back to feeding areas until the next breeding season. And those males breed the females. The biggest bull Northern elephant seals weigh about 5,000 pounds. Northern elephant seals in in San Simeon, Calif., on Jan. 12, 2018. Northern elephant seals can be found in the Pacific from Alaska to Mexico. All of these are much larger than Kodiak and polar bears. In normal populations, genetic diversity means that some animals will have some resistance to potential changes in the environment or infectious disease. The rest of the year, except for molting periods, elephant seals live well off shore (up to 5,000 miles, or 8,000 km), commonly descending to over 5,000 feet (1,524 m) below the ocean's surface. She is a large seal, but she is significantly smaller than the male. On the contrary, they are very good swimmers. Elephant seals when in the water are solitary in nature, but they come together on the shore during mating season. As I’ve said before, the human ego is probably the most destructive part of the relationship between man and dog. The northern elephant seal is the only mammal known to make two migrations each year. Northern elephant seals are the second largest members of the order Carnivora. Its population may have dropped to only 100 individuals. Northern elephant seals are preyed on by great white sharks, a significant cause of mortality in juvenile seals, and sometimes also by killer whales. The other thing is elephant seals are under the pressures of natural selection. Dogs really aren’t. These animals have very low genetic diversity, and although they appear fine right now in terms of their productivity, the species could be fragile. Males of both species attain a length of approximately 6.5 metres (21 feet) and a weight of about 3,530 kg (7,780 pounds) and are much larger than the females, which grow to 3.5 metres and weigh 900 kg. The numbers have recovered since. The northern elephant seal lives up to nine years, and the southern elephant seal lives between twenty to twenty-two years. The southern species has an extensive molting period in which considerable patches of hair and skin are shed. Again, the fact that it hasn’t happened yet doesn’t mean that it can’t. 9 Comments ». Northern elephant seals haul out for birthing and breeding from December to March, while their southern relatives breed in August to late November. According to the IUCN Red List, the population size of Northern elephant seals in 2010 was estimated at between 210,000 and 239,000 animals. The northern elephant seal is yellowish or gray-brown, and the southern is blue-gray. They range from their breeding grounds on off-shore islands and some mainland coastal areas in Southern California and Mexico to their feeding grounds off the coast of Alaska and the Northern Pacific. The northern elephant seal is the largest of the “true” seal in the Northern Hemisphere. It is a member of the family Phocidae ("true seals"). We are the so-called rational species, and in this relationship, we’re supposed to be the responsible ones. When at sea, males tend to feed over continental shelves, while females prefer deeper open water. On average, the biggest Southern elephant seals weigh over 8,000 pounds. And it’s something we need to think about. One is the Northern elephant seal and the other is the Southern elephant seal, the latter being larger then its northern relative. During the breeding season, these seals are generally found on rocky terrain and beaches, and sometimes on snow and ice. Nick Ut / Getty Images file. Elephant seals are polygynous, and each dominant male is in control of mating access to a group of females. If you’re an elephant seal bull, you must be big and nasty if you are to reproduce. This suborder includes dogs, bears,  the red panda, mustelids, skunks and stink badgers, and procyonids. Today, there are approximately 160,000 northern elephant seals. Northern elephant seal . However, if all the seals are genetically quite similar, they may all be similarly susceptible to these problems, which means they could all die off. The main threat to these animals is large-scale fisheries, potentially competing with them for their preferred prey. Though they appear to have no ears, in fact, they have small ear holes which function well when they are both in water and on land. Posted in Identify the species, wildlife, tagged Caniformia, Carnivora, Northern elephant seal on March 13, 2010| The result of this may be that the northern elephant seal is ill equipped to cope with any changes in its environment. The fourth largest is the Steller’s sea lion, which gets up to around 2,500 pounds. The Northern Elephant Seal is smaller than those from the Southern part of the world. In both northern and southern elephant seals, only a few males produce offspring ever year. The largest fully terrestrial member of the order Carnivora is the Kodiak subspecies of the brown bear, but the largest bear is the polar bear, which could be classified as a marine mammal. The seals have very low genetic diversity, which could mean that they are quite vulnerable. The cows nurse their pups for about 24 days. Adults are tan or brown in color with short, bristly fur. Northern elephant seals are the largest phocid pinniped (an earless seal) in the Northern Hemisphere. Northern Elephant Seal on The IUCN Red List site -, 4. Each year, females travel between 18,000 kilometers (11,200 miles) and males travel 21,000 kilometers (13,000 miles). The largest is the Southern elephant seal. The northern elephant seal nearly went extinct. By then the males have come to shore. Yet, like clockwork, northern elephant seals arrive at the same places, at the same times, year after year. Southern elephant seals are found on big and small islands along the coasts of South Africa, New Zealand, Argentina and Chile. After a gestation period of 7-9 months for Southern elephant seals and 10-12 months for Northern elephant seals, a single pup is born. Actually, especially if it’s  in the water! About Elephant Seals Seals on the sand. Southern Elephant Seal Wikipedia article -, 3. During this time of her life, she continually being herded by males much larger than she is. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) return to their terrestrial breeding ground in December and January, with the bulls arriving first. Elephant seals are large seals that live in the ocean, of which there are two species, both of which were hunted almost to extinction by the close of the 19th century. In 1990s, the population of Southern elephant seals was estimated to be between 664,000 and 740,000 animals. They are very large and the males have what is similar to an elephant’s trunk on their face yet it is very short. Differences between northern and southern elephant seals. Seals have many whiskers, called “vibrissae”, which help them locate prey in deep or murky water. The Southern elephant seal has a coat that is light to dark silvery-gray or brown, while the Northern elephant seal is colored dark brown to light tan. Really defective seals don’t live very long. The cow seals come ashore first, where they give birth to their pups, which they have been carrying for for seven months. Elephant seals gather on a breeding beach, and the beachmaster starts to fight off rival males. Elephant Seals :: MarineBio Video Library Northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866), have characteristically long noses giving them their common name. The problem with that logic is that we actually don’t know the full consequences of the extreme genetic bottleneck on the northern elephant seal. During the mating season, the elephant seals will use the proboscis to generate the loud roaring sound. This may have been a bit confusing for some of you because seals, sea lions, and walruses were once classified in their own order called Pinnipedia. That is an astoundingly low number: These selective pressures on the elephant seal species have resulted in a favoring of bull seals that are the equivalent of the most-used sire effect in many breeds of purebred dog. However, their main breeding beaches are on the coasts and islands of Baja California and the US state of California. We can select for a whole range of disorders and not even know it until a third the dogs in any given breed have them. Northern elephant seals are mysterious and unique creatures. All Northern elephant seals have the same male ancestor. Facts about Elephant Seals 9: the function of proboscis. The Northern Elephant Seal can be found along the Pacific coast of North America from Baja California up to the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Northern elephant seals are the second largest members of the order Carnivora. It is a mustelid, and it is also a member of the suborder Caniformia. That puts these marine mammals with in the suborder Caniformia. 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