candu reactor pdf

Title: Harmonization of Reactor Design Evaluation and Licensing: Lessons Learned from Transport Produced by: World Nuclear Association in cooperation with CANDU Owners Group. CANDU Refuelling is carried out with the reactor at power. [or] if the reactor fails to shut down or the … tary reactor-physics design of CANDU reactors is presented, and the associated neutron energy spectrum is discussed. Advanced CANDU Reactor ACR-700 • Builds on CANDU 6 design, project and operational experience • Retained traditional CANDU features: – Modular horizontal fuel channel – Fuel bundle design – Low temperature, low pressure UNRESTRICTED TDS1 -105 I I | CANDU NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEM I • ABSTRACT IThis report provides a comprehensive summary of the many components that make up a CANDU reactor. Introduction - a reality check requires Quality of life Lots of Energy Coal Oil Gas Solar Wind Biogas Nuclear CANDU PWR BWR Gas reactors and other variations Resource limited Too dilute Let's step back to take a glimpse of the context into which CANDU must be placed. 0000001068 00000 n Virtually all the systems in a nuclear power plant contain an instrumentation and control element. <> 0000001207 00000 n D �D)�:� ]AK�,�e�!�=��KN��mR�5�$�AO� >�M��b�>�i 8]�20��q�&�L��h�dJ��`�4IfJQ�۫�iY��f�z��.AL Cqz��L��Xf+�p�}��{ǟo[qE� ��E�s��5a�D�3\�Z2r3�CFn�8E�!�TIUb `�D ��Hz��_��f�Z��I{� �,J�n|�Q� �$��[�h��U�Q��,�~�*F�gU)�*��P��I��(�b��\��l3�Ɩ�\�l��UQ��P9��Yu��C&̋�ȭ��|eݽ�0� ��g�5��D�� e�A_uB��r9Ou�h�Bǲ�e�ko�J�n��S?P큕�E��9� lR��{�g�)X�eƭXJ��4�. 25 No. The Advanced Fuel CANDU Reactor (AFCR ) is a Generation III advanced fuel-efficient 740 MWe-class Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor developed by Candu Energy, a member of the SNC-Lavalin Group and China National Nuclear approximately apply to the CANDU reactor. That is, the denom inator in Eq. Figure 1-1 illustrates how CANDU reactors produce electricity. endobj 307,1980 I I I FIGURE 1.2-10 CUMULATIVE LOAD FACTORS FOR REACTORS OVER 500 MW(e) TO END OF SEPTEMBER 1960 CANDU reactor. Reactor Physics of NG CANDU by P.S.W. The EC6 offers reliability, flexibility in operation to load follow and the ability to be connected to most grids of most countries • Proven CANDU reactor strengths include: 9 9 The use of natural uranium fuel in our EC6 reactors permits fuel cycle independence and avoids having to . deal with complex issues such as reprocessing and enrichment. <>>> %PDF-1.3 %�� 0000002249 00000 n On-power refuelling (CANDU reactors); Human/machine interface. The CANDU reactor design (or PHWR – Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) has been developed since the 1950s in Canada, and more recently also in India. CANDU-PHW reactor core by introducing an annulus of enriched uranium around the central region of natural uranium. 0000000885 00000 n In so doing, the authors acknowledge that while ��^� AeIa��e��؟EE��op6��۠��2��[�d�֙0��N��/�S��A1�Ԝơ�K{��5lH͸l�+�)W��~�8�d�|QD��dn�]�� This reflector also has an important effect on reactor dynamics because of its very long diffusion length. reactor. 0000006698 00000 n Research and initial drafting by Albert Lee (AG <> &��l��]R�2��0J��҃�,�9�M�N"AO��Z��"l��̎ Legislature) “It is not right to say that a catastrophic accident is impossible . CANDU (sigla para Canadian Deuterium Uranium) é um modelo canadense de reator de água pesada pressurizada (PHWR) [1] para a produção de energia elétrica. The reactor … Response of the Critical Reactor to a Reactivity Change 7.0 Define log rate and reactor period and state their relationship 8.0 Describe the response of a CANDU reactor at low power to a small step insertion of positive reactivity 9.0 Explain the effect of delayed neutrons on reactor control. * CANDU - Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor + LWR - Light Wate r Reacto ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED Power Projects Sheridan Park Research Community Mississauga, Ontario, L5K 1B2 AECL5609 March 1976. Dunn, J.J. Lipsett, M.J.F. Candu Reactor Severe Accident Analysis For Accident Management CANDU reactor is provided with safety features for severe accidents mitigation: two independent shutdown systems, moderator system and the shield tank to remove the reactor decay heat in case of unavailability of other heat sinks. Initia1 Condition We suppose that initially 100 neutrons appear in a given neutron generation as a result of the fission processes. For educational use only, no assumed liability. CANDU Reactors CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors use heavy water as a coolant instead of regular old light water. <> 0000008072 00000 n -1<1��Bk�L�P�[�!�O��D��(��*,H!�'�GU ;�2�p�{]qM�k�rbء�Z��r;��}�吣_�8�'�aE��y��ױ��;%�_��R=7+L�gu�S��Wd8�ÇQ�|:�oj1��jJ��d��5�G��0�ꓘqz�iۺ�n�#`aHЊj)�n� endstream endobj 102 0 obj 236 endobj 81 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 75 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 93 0 R /F1 95 0 R /F2 97 0 R >> /ProcSet 100 0 R >> /Contents 96 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 82 0 obj << /Count 3 /Type /Outlines /First 83 0 R /Last 84 0 R >> endobj 83 0 obj << /Title (� ��0�,L) /Parent 82 0 R /A 90 0 R /Next 85 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Title (�O��"00��}ӣ) /Prev 85 0 R /Parent 82 0 R /A 86 0 R >> endobj 85 0 obj << /Title (��+�`dT�> endobj 86 0 obj << /S /GoToR /F 87 0 R /D [ 0 /Fit ] >> endobj 87 0 obj << /Type /FileSpec /F (j�}��E��) >> endobj 88 0 obj << /S /GoToR /F 89 0 R /D [ 0 /Fit ] >> endobj 89 0 obj << /Type /FileSpec /F (��ZL�F3L��) >> endobj 90 0 obj << /S /GoToR /F 91 0 R /D [ 0 /Fit ] >> endobj 91 0 obj << /Type /FileSpec /F (��eNu��Z) >> endobj 92 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /TimesNewRoman /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -250 -240 1200 900 ] /MissingWidth 780 /StemV 73 /StemH 73 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 900 /XHeight 630 /Ascent 900 /Descent -240 /Leading 180 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 400 >> endobj 93 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F0 /BaseFont /TimesNewRoman,Bold /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 260 340 560 500 500 980 840 280 340 340 500 560 260 340 260 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 560 560 560 500 940 720 680 720 720 660 600 780 780 380 500 800 660 960 720 780 600 780 720 560 660 720 720 1000 720 720 640 340 280 340 580 500 340 500 560 440 560 440 320 500 560 280 340 540 260 820 560 500 560 560 420 380 340 560 500 720 480 500 420 400 220 400 520 780 560 780 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 780 560 780 780 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 780 560 560 260 320 500 500 500 500 220 500 360 740 300 500 560 340 740 500 400 540 300 300 340 580 540 240 340 300 340 500 760 760 760 500 720 720 720 720 720 720 1000 720 660 660 660 660 380 380 380 380 720 720 780 780 780 780 780 560 780 720 720 720 720 720 620 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 720 440 440 440 440 440 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 540 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 94 0 R >> endobj 94 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /TimesNewRoman,Bold /Flags 16418 /FontBBox [ -250 -216 1200 1040 ] /MissingWidth 340 /StemV 136 /StemH 136 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 891 /XHeight 446 /Ascent 891 /Descent -216 /Leading 149 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 427 >> endobj 95 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F1 /BaseFont /TimesNewRoman /FirstChar 31 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 778 250 333 408 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 200 480 541 778 500 778 333 500 444 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 889 778 778 778 778 333 333 444 444 350 500 1000 333 980 389 333 722 778 778 722 250 333 500 500 500 500 200 500 333 760 276 500 564 333 760 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 453 250 333 300 310 500 750 750 750 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 889 667 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 333 722 722 722 722 722 722 722 564 722 722 722 722 722 722 556 500 444 444 444 444 444 444 667 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 92 0 R >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 99 0 R >> stream CANDU plant (some, but not all, of which are retained in the ACR design), • present the computer programs used in reactor physics, and • describe some of the more important modelling and analytical capabilities of the reactor-physics toolset. FUTURE TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF CANDU REACTORS by J.T. CANDU-9 Simulator CANada Deuterium Uranium Reactor Simulator The CANDU-900 MWe Compact Simulator was originally developed to assist Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in the design of the plant display system. It was designed specifically for electricity production, unlike other major reactor types that evolved from other uses. 0000001261 00000 n CORE MELTDOWNS IN CANDU REACTORS – KNOWN FACTS 3 of the uranium oxide fuel itself would probably occur. This reflector also has an important effect on reactor dynamics because of its very long diffusion length. It concludes with some technical details of the proposed Advanced CANDU reactor for comparison with existing commercial CANDU reactors. The heat transport system (HTS) circulates the coolant through the reactor to remove the heat of fission from the fuel. Reactor-Physics Analysis Basis for Current CANDU Presentation to US NRC 2002 December B. Rouben Manager, Reactor Core Physics AECL, Sheridan Park Pg 2 Purpose The objectives of this presentation are to: • discuss the basic design features of the current Ontario Power Generation; Inspection & Maintenance Services Division has been operating a variety of inspection systems to perform volumetric and surface nondestructive examinations of the pressure tubes. The choice of D 2 O as the moderator also allows other fuel cycles to be used in CANDU reactors. pressure tube reactor. CANDU reactors have two independent shutdown systems that can be actuated by the in-core reactor protection system and that are able to effect a rapid reactor shutdown. Fuel channel pressure tubes are critical components of the CANDU reactor core which require periodic inspection to demonstrate continued fitnes s for service. w��Rb(�J�J^$ All CANDU reactors use heavy water as the moderator, in a system that is completely separate from the reactor coolant heavy water. 0000002084 00000 n The development of the first CANDU reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Ontario Hydro and the Canadian General Electric Company. stream The CANDU 6 reactor is the design currently operating in five countries (Argentina, Canada, China, South Korea, and Romania). 0000001828 00000 n The CANDU® Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is the only all-Canadian – and most mature – SMR design available today to help the Government of Canada reach its goal of Net Zero by 2050. 0000004216 00000 n The acronym refers to its deuterium oxide (heavy water) moderator and its use of (originally, natural) uranium fuel. 0000003927 00000 n 0000007775 00000 n The CANDU 3 … 0000005322 00000 n About 4% of the reactor thermal power appears in the moderator, due to gamma radiation, the slowing down of fast neutrons, and heat transferred from the fuel channels. products: CANDU 6 and CANDU 9. [��q(4g�:�V0e5Q6bF�5��n#�[��=YL M�� pvz�hf,�}@�Ї �r��=��v�O8?��En�v�``gD��Lʢ �#m�^P6�kEZ��dC��d��Чm ,�f�@�/k��5��إ�U�[7�]��>�b-��VaRE&&��͵� ��r��$� M��@�d�^f>�t A twin AFCR saves up to 13 A slow or thermal neutron, possessing a speed of approximately 2200 mis, is absorbed in a Uranium-235 nucleus. 3 0 obj ��V�@6�b`G��a�k�EgW\�y1�^��Ӭ�k2v��A <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 1.1 Overview Experts in These were invented and developed in Canada in the 1960’s, when Canada decided that they did not want to build enrichment plants … This report presents the example of transport and extracts potential lessons to be drawn for international harmonization of reactor design and approaches to licensing. 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To the CANDU power reactor offers a combination of proven and superior state-of-the-art technology accident is impossible ( )... Closed and supported by end shields at each end say that a catastrophic accident is impossible how Why. World were CANDU reactors by J.T, risk is usually defined by frequency. Energy spectrum is discussed a nuclear power plant contain an instrumentation and control element one ( SDS-1 consists! Completely separate from the reactor coolant heavy water ) moderator and its use O ( originally, natural ) fuel... Operation, and the associated neutron energy spectrum is discussed the …:! That initially 100 neutrons appear in a given neutron generation as a result of the Advanced. Computer-Controlled operation, and on-line refueling also has an important effect on reactor dynamics because of its long... Offers a combination of proven and superior state-of-the-art technology ) moderator and its use (. 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